2026年4月の研究業績

OSIPP基幹講座教員から報告があった研究業績をご紹介します。

・川窪悦章 先生　
・松島法明 先生　
・髙田陽奈子 先生　
・大久保邦彦 先生
・二杉健斗 先生　
・赤井伸郎先生
・野津成希先生

Takafumi Kawakubo（論文）
Takafumi Kawakubo (2026)“Comment on‘Trade and FDI Policies in an Interdependent World: Lessons From East Asia’.”Asian Economic Policy Review 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.70025 (査読有)

Noriaki Matsushima（論文）
Hiroshi Kitamura, Noriaki Matsushima, Misato Sato (2026)“Lease or sale: When a durable goods monopolist can choose supply chain openness” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Volume 211, 104882. (査読有) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.104882

Abstract: We construct a two-period model of supply chain openness in a durable goods market with two marketing modes: leasing and selling. For a given marketing mode, at the beginning of the first period, an incumbent supplier and the downstream monopolist choose one of two trading modes: (i) a two-period exclusive supply chain, or (ii) an open supply chain, allowing the downstream monopolist to trade with an efficient supplier in the second period. We show that in the selling mode, the exclusive supply chain can arise if the incumbent supplier is highly efficient. In contrast, under the leasing mode, the exclusive supply chain never arises; instead, the open supply chain is always selected. Furthermore, when the downstream monopolist is allowed to endogenously choose the marketing mode before the first period, it opts for the selling mode if the incumbent supplier is relatively inefficient; otherwise, it selects the leasing mode. Regardless of the chosen marketing mode, the open supply chain always arises on the equilibrium path, implying that the recent advancement of ICT to enhance leasing may discourage the adoption of exclusive supply chains.

Hinako Takata（論文）
Hinako Takata,“National Human Rights Institutions’Role in the Realisation of the European Convention on Human Rights: Towards Continuous and Seamless Engagement in All Phases of Realisation,” The International Journal of Human Rights (2026) 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2026.2637895（査読有）

Abstract: How can national human rights institutions (NHRIs) contribute to the realisation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in a manner that harmoniously achieves its effectiveness and democratic legitimacy? While previous studies treated NHRIs’ contributions to different phases of this realisation separately, this study examines the combined effect of their continuous and seamless engagement in all the four realisation phases under the framework of ‘two-tiered bounded deliberative democracy’. The realisation phases unfold as follows: (1) interpreting and applying the ECHR through ‘bounded’ deliberations at the national level; (2) supplementing national deliberations and identifying ‘bounds’ by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR); (3) implementing ECtHR judgments through ‘bounded’ deliberations at the national level; and (4) supervising the execution of ECtHR judgments by the Committee of Ministers to promote implementation through ‘bounded’ deliberations. Moreover, while previous studies have not clearly distinguished between NHRIs and non-governmental organisations, and between A-status NHRIs and other NHRIs in terms of their roles in the ECHR system, the present study highlights the unique contributions of A-status NHRIs. Through these analyses, this study proposes how the procedures and practices of the ECtHR and the Committee of Ministers could be reformed to take advantage of NHRIs’contributions.

大久保邦彦（論文）
大久保邦彦「生成文法と法解釈学」『阪大法学』75巻6号（2026年）25-77頁。
https://hdl.handle.net/11094/104341

要旨：リアリズム法学によると、裁判官の多くは、自らが望ましいと考える結論に到達した後で、その結論を正当化する三段論法を考案する傾向にある。
拙稿「利益衡量論（利益考量論）の再評価」阪大法学72巻2号〔2022〕626頁以下では、結論を発見する際に法原理が作用していることを示した。
認知神経科学者のガザニガによると、「たいていの道徳的判断は直観的なものであり、ある種の倫理が、人間の脳に組み込まれている可能性がある」。
そうであれば、法原理の少なくとも一部も、脳に組み込まれている可能性があり、法解釈学において法原理を探究する際に、その生物学的基盤の探究が研究テーマとなりうる。
しかし、法学において生物学を援用することに対しては、抵抗が予想される。
そこで本稿では、言語学は生物学の一部を成すと主張するチョムスキーの生成文法理論を検討することを通して、法学において生物学を援用することに対する抵抗感を弱めるとともに、法原理の生物学的基盤の探究は、法学を科学に近づけることに寄与しうることを示す。

二杉健斗（判例評釈）
Kento Nisugi,“Smurfit v Venezuela: Assessing ICSID’s Post-Denunciation Jurisdiction under Article 72 of the ICSID Convention,” ICSID Review, siaf028 (31 March 2026)（査読有）
https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/siaf028
概要：日本語で作成した評釈（JCAジャーナル72巻3号（2025年）30-36頁）を改稿し英語化したもの。

Abstract: This case comment examines the ICSID tribunal’s controversial decision in Smurfit Holdings BV v Venezuela, which upheld jurisdiction over claims filed more than six years after Venezuela’s denunciation of the ICSID Convention. It argues that simply focusing on the familiar debate over whether Article 72 preserves only mutual consent or also preserves a unilateral offer to arbitrate is incomplete, leaving the separate key question unanswered: Does such unilateral consent generate “rights or obligations under this Convention” to be preserved under the Article? This comment criticizes the Smurfit majority's reasoning for failing to offer a solid and convincing interpretation on this issue. The comment shows the points which future tribunals would need to clarify if they wish to adopt the Smurfit approach.

赤井伸郎（その他の記事）
赤井伸郎「インフラ老朽化、静かに迫る限界」『十字路』日本経済新聞（2026年4月9日付）

要旨：高度経済成長期に整備された公共施設を含む社会インフラが悲鳴を上げている。国や地方自治体は、インフラの老朽化対策として、長寿命化計画を立てて取り組んでいる。
16年から23年までの都道府県が保有するインフラ資産（地方公営企業の資産は除く）の状況を見ると、老朽化の度合いは全国平均で約56%から約63%となり、維持補修や更新が追い付いていない。各年度で最も老朽化している自治体の値も約74%から約79%に、最も健全な自治体の値も約41%から約48%に悪化している。日本のインフラストックの総量は拡大している。それは、既存インフラの健全化に回す財源を制約し、事後的には維持補修や人材確保の負担を重くする。人口減少下で、健全なインフラを備えた社会をどう実現するか。既存インフラの維持補修・長寿命化・集約化・厳選化など、メンテナンスを効率的かつ効果的に進める政策が求められる。

Naruki Notsu（DP）
Naruki Notsu, Asahi Semma, Shuko Harada“Complete Loss of Competition: Uncontested Elections and Political Rents” *Revised: Complete Loss of Competition: Uncontested Elections and Political Rents (DP-2025-E-004, September 17, 2025) , OSIPP Discussion Paper: DP-2025-E-004-Rev. (April 20, 2026)
https://www.osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp/archives/DP/2025/DP2025E004Rev.pdf

Abstract: This study examines how the complete absence of electoral competition shapes politicians' behavior in a democracy. To explore this, we focus on uncontested elections, which are common in democracies worldwide yet are understudied. We develop a dynamic model with belief updating in which politicians elected unopposed lower their perceived risk of future challenges and raise their optimal salary. We test these predictions using the context of Japan's uncontested elections, which operate within a common institutional framework. We find that mayors who win office without a contest subsequently increase their salaries. The salary response is largest after the first uncontested win and smaller thereafter, consistent with learning and belief convergence in the model. These findings suggest that when visible public conflict—such as the presence of other candidates—is absent, politicians are more likely to seek personal gain, highlighting the fundamental role of elections in disciplining officeholders.